@article{
   Author = {van der Aalst, Wil and Kumar, Akhil},
   Title = {XML Based Schema Definition for Support of Inter-organizational Workflow},
   Journal = {Information Systems Research},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {23-47},
 Year = {2003} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Andrews, Tony and Curbera, Francisco and Dholakia, Hitesh and Goland, Yaron and Klein, Johannes and Leymann, Frank and Liu, Kevin and Roller, Dieter and Smith, Doug and Thatte, Satish and Trickovic, Ivana and Weerawarana, Sanjiva},
   Title = {Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, Version 1.1},
   Institution = {OASIS},
   Month= {2003-05-05},
 Year = {2003} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Arkin, Assaf},
   Title = {Business Process Modeling Language.},
   Institution = {BPMI.org},
   Type = {Proposed Final Draft},
   Month= {2002-11-07},
 Year = {2002} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Arkin, Assaf and Askary, Sid and Fordin, Scott and Jekeli, Wolfgang and Kawaguchi, Kohsuke and Orchard, David and Pogliani, Stefano and Riemer, Karsten and Struble, Susan and Takacsi-Nagy, Pal and Trickovic, Ivana and Zimek, Sinisa},
   Title = {Web Services Choreography Interface (WSCI) 1.0},
   Institution = {W3C},
   Type = {W3C Note},
   Month= {2002-08-08},
 Year = {2002} }



@article{
   Author = {Arsanjani, Ali and Hailpern, Brent and Martin, Joanne and Tarr, Peri L.},
   Title = {Web Services: Promises and Compromises},
   Journal = {ACM Queue},
   Volume = {1},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {48-58},
 Year = {2003} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Austin, Daniel and Babir, Abbie and Peters, Ed and Ross-Talbot, Steve},
   Title = {Web Services Choreography Requirements 1.0},
   Institution = {W3C},
   Type = {W3C Working Draft},
   Month= {August 12th},
 Year = {2003} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Banerji, Arindam and Bartolini, Claudio and Beringer, Dorothea and Chopella, Venkatesh and Govindarajan, Kannan and Karp, Alan and Kuno, Harumi and Lemon, Mike and Pogossiants, Gregory and Sharma, Shamik and Williams, Scott},
   Title = {Web Services Conversation Language (WSCL) 1.0},
   Institution = {World Wide Web Consortium},
   Type = {W3C Note},
   Month= {14 March 2002},
 Year = {2002} }



@article{
   Author = {Barbará, D. and Mehrotra, S. and Rusinkiewicz, Marek},
   Title = {INCAs: Managing Dynamic Workflows in Distributed Environments},
   Journal = {Journal of Database Management},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {5-15},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Basu, Amit and Kumar, Akhil},
   Title = {Research Commentary: Workflow Management Issues in e-Business},
   Journal = {Information Systems Research},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-14},
 Year = {2002} }



@article{
   Author = {Bolcer, Gregory A. and Kaiser, Gail},
   Title = {Leveraging the Web to Manage Workflow},
   Journal = {IEEE Internet Computing},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {2-5},
 Year = {1999} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Box, Don and Ehnebuske, David and Kakivaya, Gopal and Layman, Andrew and Mendelsohn., Noah and Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk and Thatte, Satish and Winer, Dave},
   Title = {Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1},
   Institution = {W3C},
   Type = {W3C Note},
   Month= {May 8th, 2000},
 Year = {2000} }



@techreport{
   Author = {BPMI.org},
   Title = {Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)},
   Institution = {Business Process Management Initiative},
   Type = {Working Draft 0.4},
   Month= {2001-03-08},
 Year = {2001} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {Bussler, Christoph},
   Title = {P2P in B2BI},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2002)},
   Editor = {Sprague, Ralph, Jr.},
   Address= {Waikoloa (HI)},
   Publisher = {IEEE},
 Year = {2002} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Cai, T. and Gloor, P. A. and Nog, F.},
   Title = {DartFlow. A Workflow Management System in the Web using Transportable Agents},
   Institution = {Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College},
   Number = {PCS-CR96-283},
   Type = {Technical Report},
 Year = {1996} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Chinnici, Roberto  and Gudgin, Martin and Moreau, Jean-Jacques and Weerawarana, Sanjiva},
   Title = {Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 1.2},
   Institution = {W3C},
   Month= {2002-07-09},
 Year = {2002} }



@misc{
   Author = {Christensen, Erik and Curbera, Francisco and Meredith, Greg and Weerawarana, Sanjiva},
   Title = {Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1},
   Publisher = {W3C},
   Month = {2001-03-15},
 Year = {2001} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Curbera, Francisco and Goland, Yaron and Klein, Johannes and Leymann, Frank and Roller, Dieter and Thatte, Satish and Weerawarana, Sanjiva},
   Title = {Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, Version 1.0},
   Institution = {BEA, IBM, Microsoft},
   Month= {2002-07-31},
 Year = {2002} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Duftler, Matthew J. and Mukhi, Nirmal K. and Slominski, Aleksander and Weerawarana, Sanjiva},
   Title = {Web Services Invocation Framework (WSIF)},
   Institution = {IBM T.J. Watson Research Center},
   Month= {August 9th, 2001},
 Year = {2001} }



@misc{
   Author = {ebXML},
   Title = {ebXML Business Process Specification Schema. Version 1.01},
   Publisher = {OASIS and UN/CEFACT},
   Volume = {2002},
   Number = {2002-04-11},
 Year = {2001} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {Glance, N. S. and Pagani, D. G. and Pareschi, R.},
   Title = {Generalized Process Structure Grammars (GPSG) for flexible representations of work},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '96)},
   Editor = {Ackerman, M.},
   Address= {Boston (MA)},
   Publisher = {ACM},
   Pages = {180-189},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Grefen, Paul and Aberer, Karl and Hoffner, Ygal and Ludwig, Heiko},
   Title = {CrossFlow: Cross-Organizational Workflow Management in Dynamic Virtual Enterprises},
   Journal = {International Journal of Computer Systems Science & Engineering},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {277-290},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Hammer, Michael and Stanton, Steve},
   Title = {How Process Enterprises Really Work},
   Journal = {Harvard Business Review},
   Volume = {77},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {108-119},
 Year = {1999} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Hayami, Haruo and Katsumata, Masashi and Okada, Ken-ichi},
   Title = {Interworkflow: A Challenge for Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce},
   BookTitle = {Workflow Handbook 2001},
   Editor = {Fischer, Layna},
   Publisher = {Future Strategies},
   Address = {Lighthouse Point, FL},
   Pages = {145-159},
 Year = {2000} }



@article{
   Author = {Hayes, James G. and Perovian, Effat and Sarin, Sunil and Schmidt, Marc-Thomas and Swenson, Keith and Weber, Rainer},
   Title = {Workflow Interoperability Standards for the Internet},
   Journal = {IEEE Internet Computing},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {37-45},
 Year = {2000} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Hollingsworth, David},
   Title = {The Workflow Reference Model Version 1.1},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Number = {WFMC-TC-1003},
   Month= {January 19th},
 Year = {1995} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Hollingsworth, David},
   Title = {An XML based Architecture for Collaborative Process Management},
   BookTitle = {Workflow Handbook 2002},
   Editor = {Fischer, Layna},
   Publisher = {Future Strategies},
   Address = {Lighthouse Point (FL)},
   Pages = {95-116},
 Year = {2002} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {Hruby, Pavel},
   Title = {Specification of Workflow Management Systems with UML},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1998 OOPSLA Workshop on the Implementation and Application of Object-oriented Workflow Management Systems},
   Address= {Vancouver (BC)},
 Year = {1998} }



@incollection{
   Author = {Jablonski, Stefan},
   Title = {Workflow Management Between Formal Theory and Pragmatic Approaches},
   BookTitle = {Business Process Management: Models, Techniques, and Empirical Studies},
   Editor = {van der Aalst, Wil and Desel, Jörg and Oberweis, Andreas},
   Series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
   Address = {Berlin et al.},
   Volume = {1806},
   Pages = {345-358},
 Year = {2000} }



@book{
   Author = {Jablonski, Stefan and Bussler, Christoph},
   Title = {Workflow Management. Modeling Concepts, Architecture and Implementation},
   Publisher = {International Thomson Computer Press},
   Address = {London et al.},
 Year = {1996} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Keller, G. and Nüttgens, M. and Scheer, August-Wilhelm},
   Title = {Semantische Prozeßmodellierung auf der Grundlage "Ereignisgesteuerter Prozeßketten (EPK)"},
   Institution = {Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik Universität Saarbrücken},
   Number = {Heft 89},
   Type = {Arbeitsbericht},
 Year = {1992} }



@misc{
   Author = {Khare, Rohit},
   Title = {Minutes of the second SWAP BoF meeting},
   Publisher = {IETF},
   Volume = {2003},
   Number = {September 10th},
   Month = {1998-12-28},
   Note = {The meeting was chaired by Surendra Reddy , and minutes were taken by Mr.
Rohit Khare. Surendra Reddy began the BOF with an introduction. Next,
Arthur Hitomi, UC Irvine presented goals/requirements for SWAP.
In the final 25 minutes of the BOF, the microphone was opened up for 
discussion from the participants. Several participants noted that the 
problem to be solved is not well defined. One participant felt 
that IETF has RPC and process control should be IETF problem and If it can
solve workflow problem that would be good. IAB has expressed concerns 
over using HTTP protocol for SWAP transport. There has been lot of 
discussion on the clarity of the problem to be solved and its relation to 
other work in IETF like EDI, RPC etc. Applications Area Director, Keith 
Moore recommended participants to understand the problem and discuss
it in terms that IETF community can understand the problem.
At the end of the meeting, a straw poll of the audience asked whether the 
IETF should continue to work in this area to, with an eventual view 
toward forming an IETF working group. Majority of the participants
felt the problem is not defined well and once the problem is clearly
defined, there seems to be interest in moving forward.},
 Year = {1998} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Knutilla, A. and Schlenoff, C. and Ray, S. and Ployak, S. T: and Tate, Austin and Cheah, S. C. and Anderson, R. C.},
   Title = {Process Specification Language: An Analysis of Existing Representations},
   Institution = {National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)},
   Type = {NISTIT 6160},
 Year = {1998} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Kramler, Gerhard and Retschitzegger, Werner},
   Title = {Specification of Interorganizational Workflows - A Comparison of Approaches},
   Institution = {Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Business Informatics Group, Vienna University of Technology},
   Number = {08/02},
   Type = {Technical Report},
   Abstract = {With the rise of the Web as the major platform for making data and
services available for both, humans and applications, interorganizational
workflows became a crucial issue. Several languages for the specification of
interorganizational workflows have been already proposed, each of them having
different origins and pursuing different goals for dealing with the unique
characteristics of interorganizational workflows. This paper compares these
proposals, trying to identify their strengths and shortcomings. As a prerequisite,
a framework of requirements is suggested which categorizes the
major characteristics of specification languages for interorganizational
workflows into different perspectives. For each of these perspectives, a set of
functional requirements is proposed thereby emphasizing the difference to
traditional intraorganizational workflows. On the basis of this framework, seven
representative specification languages are surveyed and compared to each other.},
 Year = {2002} }



@article{
   Author = {Kumar, Akhil and Zhao, J. Leon},
   Title = {Workflow support for electronic commerce applications},
   Journal = {Decision Support Systems},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {265-278},
 Year = {2002} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Leymann, Frank},
   Title = {Web Services Flow Language (WSFL 1.0)},
   Institution = {IBM Corporation},
   Type = {Technical report},
   Month= {May 2001},
 Year = {2001} }



@book{
   Author = {Ludwig, Heiko},
   Title = {Koordination objektzentrierter Kooperationen. Metamodell und Konzept eines Basisdienstes für verteilte Arbeitsgruppen},
   Publisher = {Shaker Verlag},
   Address = {Aachen},
 Year = {1997} }



@article{
   Author = {Mentzas, Gregory and Halaris, Christos and Kavadias, Stylianos},
   Title = {Modeling business processes with workflow systems: an evaluation of alternative approaches},
   Journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {123-135},
 Year = {2001} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael},
   Title = {A Framework for XML-based Workflow Interoperability - The AFRICA Project},
   BookTitle = {Sixth Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2000)},
   Editor = {Goul, Mike and Gray, Paul and Chung, H. Michael},
   Address= {Long Beach (CA)},
   Publisher = {AIS},
 Year = {2000} }



@incollection{
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael and Allen, Rob},
   Title = {Stand-Alone vs. Embedded Workflow - Putting Paradigms in Perspective},
   BookTitle = {Excellence in Practice Volume IV: Innovation & Excellence in Workflow and Knowledge Management},
   Editor = {Fischer, Layna},
   Publisher = {Future Strategies},
   Address = {Lighthouse Point (FL)},
   Pages = {49-58},
 Year = {2000} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael and Becker, Jörg},
   Title = {WPDL - State-of-the-Art and Development Perspectives of a Meta-Language},
   BookTitle = {KnowTech Forum '99},
   Editor = {Bading, Lothar and Pettkoff, Boris and Scheer, August-Wilhelm and Wendt, Siegfried},
   Address= {Potsdam},
 Year = {1999} }



@techreport{
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael and Ghalimi, Ismael and Marin, Mike},
   Title = {A Taxonomy of Web Service Standards - A Joint BPMI/WfMC White Paper},
   Institution = {WfMC, BPMI.org},
   Type = {White Paper},
   Month= {2002-11-30},
 Year = {2002} }



@incollection{
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael and Gille, Marc},
   Title = {Workflow Application Architectures - Classification and Characteristics of workflow-based Information Systems},
   BookTitle = {Workflow Handbook 2002},
   Editor = {Fischer, Layna},
   Publisher = {Future Strategies},
   Address = {Lighthouse Point (FL)},
   Pages = {39-50},
 Year = {2001} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Object Management Group},
   Title = {Workflow Management Facility Request for Proposals},
   Institution = {OMG},
   Number = {Document Number cf/97-05-03},
   Type = {RFP},
   Month= {May 7th},
 Year = {1997} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Object Management Group},
   Title = {Workflow Management Facility Specification Version 1.2},
   Institution = {OMG},
   Type = {Document Number bom/00-05-02},
 Year = {2000} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Object Management Group},
   Title = {UML 1.4 Specification},
   Institution = {Object Management Group},
   Number = {formal/01-09-67},
 Year = {2001} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Ricker, Jeffrey and Swenson, Keith D. and Silverstein, Moshe},
   Title = {Asynchronous Service Access Protocol Working Draft 01},
   Institution = {Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards},
   Type = {Standards Specification},
   Month= {September 9th},
 Year = {2003} }



@article{
   Author = {Salimifard, Khodakaram and Wright, Mike},
   Title = {Petri net-based modelling of workflow systems: An overview},
   Journal = {European Journal of Operational Research},
   Volume = {134},
   Pages = {664-676},
 Year = {2001} }



@inproceedings{
   Author = {Schulze, Wolfgang and Böhm, Markus and Meyer-Wegener, K.},
   Title = {Services of Workflow Objects and Workflow Meta-Objects in OMG-compliant Environments},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1996 OOPSLA Workshop on Business Object Design and Implementation},
   Address= {San Jose (CA)},
 Year = {1996} }



@article{
   Author = {Schulze, Wolfgang and Bussler, Christoph and Meyer-Wegener, Klaus},
   Title = {Standardising on workflow-management—the OMG workflow management facility},
   Journal = {ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {24-30},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Sheth, Amit and van der Aalst, Wil and Arpinar, Ismailcem B.},
   Title = {Processes Driving the Networked Economy},
   Journal = {IEEE Concurrency},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {18-31},
   Abstract = {This article proposes that an organic workflow-process technology will power the evolution of information system architectures. The authors outline three likely stages of architectural evolution in the context of a networked economy and discuss critical gaps in the current technology with  espect to their envisioned future.},
 Year = {1999} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith},
   Title = {Simple Workflow Access Protocol (SWAP)},
   Institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force},
   Type = {IETF Internet-Draft},
   Month= {August 7, 1998, expires February, 1999.},
 Year = {1998} }



@article{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith},
   Title = {Workflow and Web Services Standards},
   Journal = {Business Process Management Journal},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {4},
 Year = {2004 (in press)} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith and Ricker, Jeffrey},
   Title = {Asynchronous Web Services Protocol},
   Type = {Draft Specification},
   Month= {2002-05-04},
 Year = {2002} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Thatte, Satish},
   Title = {XLANG - Web Services for Business Process Design},
   Institution = {Microsoft Corporation},
   Type = {Initial Public Draft},
   Month= {2002-03-22},
 Year = {2001} }



@techreport{
   Author = {Vollmer, Ken},
   Title = {Market Overview: EDI Software and Services},
   Institution = {Giga Information Group},
   Number = {RPA-032002-00008},
   Type = {Planning Assumption},
   Month= {2002-03-07},
 Year = {2002} }



@article{
   Author = {Weber, Rainer},
   Title = {Workflow-Interoperabilität über das Internet mit dem Standard Wf-XML},
   Journal = {Wirtschaftsinformatik},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {345-348},
 Keywords = {Wf-XML},
   Year = {2003} }



@techreport{
   Author = {WfMC},
   Title = {Workflow Client Application (Interface 2) Application Programming Interface Version 1.1},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Type = {Document Number WFMC-TC-1009},
   Month= {May 15th},
 Year = {1996} }



@techreport{
   Author = {WfMC},
   Title = {Workflow Standard - Interoperability Abstract Specification Version 1.0},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Type = {Document Number WFMC-TC-1012},
   Month= {October 20th},
 Year = {1996} }



@techreport{
   Author = {WfMC},
   Title = {Interface 1: Process Definition Interchange Process Model},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Type = {Document Number WfMC-TC-1016-P Version 1.1 Final},
 Year = {1999} }



@techreport{
   Author = {WfMC},
   Title = {Workflow Standard - Interoperability, Wf-XML Binding, Version 1.1},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Type = {Document Number WFMC-TC-1023},
   Month= {2001-11-14},
 Year = {2001} }



@techreport{
   Author = {WfMC},
   Title = {Workflow Process Definition Interface - XML Process Definition Language. Document Status - 1.0 Final Draft.},
   Institution = {Workflow Management Coalition},
   Type = {Document Number WFMC-TC-1025},
   Month= {2002-10-25},
 Year = {2002} }