@Article{
   Author = {van der Aalst, Wil M. P.},
   Title = {The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management},
   Journal = {The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {21-66},
 Year = {1998} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Abbott, Kenneth R. and Sarin, Sunil K.},
   Title = {Experiences with VVorkflow Management: Issues for the Next Generation},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the conference on Computer supported cooperative work},
   Address= {Chapel Hill},
   Pages = {113-120},
 Year = {1994} }



@Article{
   Author = {Alonso, Gustavo and Agrawal, D. and El Abbadi, A. and Mohan, Charles},
   Title = {Functionalities and Limitations of Current Workflow Management Systems},
   Journal = {IEEE Expert},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {???},
 Year = {1997} }



@Article{
   Author = {Attinger, Monique L.},
   Title = {Workflow: A Technology Primer},
   Journal = {ARMA Records Management Quarterly},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {3-8},
 Year = {1996} }



@Article{
   Author = {Barbará, D. and Mehrotra, S. and Rusinkiewicz, Marek},
   Title = {INCAs: Managing Dynamic Workflows in Distributed Environments},
   Journal = {Journal of Database Management},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {5-15},
 Year = {1996} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Barthelmess, Paulo and Wainer, Jacques},
   Title = {WorkFlow Systems: a few definitions and a few suggestions},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Organizational Computing Systems},
   Address= {Milpitas},
   Pages = {138-147},
 Year = {1995} }



@Article{
   Author = {Basu, Amit and Kumar, Akhil},
   Title = {Research Commentary: Workflow Management Issues in e-Business},
   Journal = {Information Systems Research},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-14},
 Year = {2002} }



@Incollection{
   Author = {Becker, Jörg and zur Muehlen, Michael and Gille, Marc},
   Title = {Workflow Application Architectures: Classification and Characteristics of workflow-based Information Systems},
   BookTitle = {Workflow Handbook 2002},
   Editor = {Fischer, Layna},
   Publisher = {Future Strategies},
   Address = {Lighthouse Point, FL},
   Pages = {39-50},
 Year = {2002} }



@Article{
   Author = {Becker, Mathias and Vogler, Petra and Österle, Hubert},
   Title = {Workflow-Management in betriebswirtschaftlicher Standardsoftware},
   Journal = {Wirtschaftsinformatik},
 Year = {1997} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Berger, Michael  and Ellmer, Ernst  and Quirchmayr, Gerald  and Zeitlinger, Alfred},
   Title = {Evaluating Workflow Management Systems},
   Institution = {University of Vienna},
   Type = {Technical Report},
 Year = {1997} }



@Article{
   Author = {Böhm, Markus and Schulze, Wolfgang},
   Title = {Grundlagen von Workflow-Managementsystemen},
   Journal = {Wissenschaftliche Beiträge zur Informatik},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {50-65},
 Year = {1995} }



@Article{
   Author = {Bold, M.  and Ege, C.  and Hoffmann, M.  and Seel, C. and Scheer, A.-W.},
   Title = {Das Entwicklungs- und Konfigurationslabor für betriebswirtschaftliche Informationssysteme am Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik},
   Number = {147},
 Year = {1998} }



@Article{
   Author = {Bracchi, Giampio and Pernici, Barbara},
   Title = {The Design Requirements of Office Systems},
   Journal = {ACM Transaction on Office Information Systems},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {151-170},
 Year = {1984} }



@Article{
   Author = {Burns, J. C.},
   Title = {The evolution of office information systems},
   Journal = {Datamation},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {60-64},
 Year = {1977} }



@Phdthesis{
   Author = {Casati, Fabio},
   Title = {Models, Semantics, and Formal Methodsfor the design of Workflows and their Exceptions},
   School = {University of Milan},
   Type = {Ph.D.},
 Year = {1998} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Casati, Fabio and Ceri, Stefano and Pernici, Barbara and Pozzi, Giuseppe},
   Title = {Workflow Evolution},
   BookTitle = {15th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 1996)},
   Editor = {Thalheim, Bernhard},
   Address= {Cottbus, Germany},
   Publisher = {Springer},
   Volume = {1157},
   Pages = {438-455},
 Year = {1996} }



@Book{
   Author = {Davenport, Thomas H.},
   Title = {Process Innovation. Reengineering Work through Information Technology},
   Publisher = {Harvard Business School Press},
   Address = {Boston (MA)},
 Year = {1993} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Deiters, Wolfgang and Gruhn, Volker},
   Title = {Managing Software Processes in MELMAC},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Software Development Environments},
   Address= {Irvine (CA)},
 Year = {1990} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Deiters, Wolfgang  and Striemer, Rüdiger},
   Title = {Prozeßmanagementsysteme - Basistechnologie für ein entscheidungsorientiertes Informationsmanagement},
   Institution = {Fraunhofer-Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik},
   Type = {Technical Report},
 Year = {1995} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {delphi},
   Title = {Workflow Buyers' Perception Today},
   Institution = {Delphi Consulting Group, Inc.},
   Number = {1},
 Year = {1996} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {delphi},
   Title = {Workflow Market Reference Point 97},
   Institution = {Delphi Consulting Group, Inc.},
 Year = {1997} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Du, Weimin  and Elmagarmid, Ahmed},
   Title = {Workflow Management: State of the Art vs. State of the Products},
   BookTitle = {proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute on Workflow Management Systems},
   Address= {Istanbul},
 Year = {1997} }



@Article{
   Author = {Ellis, Clarence A. and Nutt, Gary J.},
   Title = {Office Information Systems and Computer Science},
   Journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {27-60},
 Year = {1980} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Ellis, Clarence A. and Nutt, Gary J.},
   Title = {Workflow: The Process Spectrum},
   BookTitle = {NSF Workshop on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions},
   Address= {Athens, GA},
   Pages = {140-145},
 Year = {1996} }



@Book{
   Author = {Gaitanides, Michael},
   Title = {Prozeßorganisation. Entwicklung, Ansätze und Programme prozeßorientierter Organisationsgestaltung},
   Publisher = {Vahlen},
   Address = {München},
 Year = {1983} }



@Article{
   Author = {Georgakopolous, D. and Hornick, M. and Sheth, Amit},
   Title = {An Overview of Workflow Management: From Process Modeling to Workflow Automation Infrastructure},
   Journal = {Distributed and Parallel Databases},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {119-153},
 Year = {1995} }



@Article{
   Author = {Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios and Hornick, Mark F. and Manola, Frank and Brodie, Michael L. and Heiler, Sandra and Nayeri, Farshad and Hurwitz, Benjamin},
   Title = {An Extended Transaction Environment for Workflows
in Distributed Object Computing},
   Journal = {IEEE Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {2},
 Year = {1993} }



@Article{
   Author = {Grefen, Paul and Aberer, Karl and Hoffer, Yigal and Ludwig, Heiko},
   Title = {CrossFlow: Cross-Organizational Workflow Management In Dynamic Virtual Enterprises},
   Journal = {IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {52-57},
 Year = {2001} }



@Misc{
   Author = {Grudin, Jonathan},
   Title = {CSCW: History and Focus},
   Volume = {1999},
   Number = {1999-08-10},
 Year = {1994} }



@Book{
   Author = {Hammer, Michael and Champy, James},
   Title = {Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution.},
   Publisher = {HarperBusiness},
   Address = {New York (NY)},
 Year = {1993} }



@Article{
   Author = {Hammer, Michael and Howe, Wesley G. and Kroksal, V. J. and Wladawsky, I.},
   Title = {A very high level programming language for data processing applications},
   Journal = {Communications of the ACM},
   Volume = {20},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {832-840},
 Year = {1977} }



@Book{
   Author = {Harrington, H. James},
   Title = {Business Process Improvement. The Breakthrough Strategy for Total Quality, Productivity, and Competitiveness},
   Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
   Address = {New York (NY)},
 Year = {1991} }



@Article{
   Author = {Ho, Cheng-Seen and Kuo, Te-Son},
   Title = {A Society Model for Office Information Systems},
   Journal = {ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {104-131},
 Year = {1986} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {infodoc},
   Title = {Dokumenten-Management und Workflow 1999: Ist-Analyse des deutschen Marktes},
   Institution = {Gruppe 21 GmbH},
 Year = {1999} }



@Article{
   Author = {Klein, M.},
   Title = {iDCSS: Integrating Workflow, Conflict and Rationale-
Based Concurrent Engineering Coordination Technologies},
   Journal = {Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {21-27},
 Year = {1995} }



@Incollection{
   Author = {Kreifelts, Thomas},
   Title = {Bürovorgänge: Ein Modell für die Abwicklung kooperativer Arbeitsabläufe in einem Bürosystem},
   BookTitle = {Informationstechnik und Bürosysteme},
   Editor = {Wißkirchen, Peter and Kreifelts, Thomas and Krückeberg, Fritz and Richter, Gernot and Wurch, Gerhard},
   Publisher = {B. G. Teubner},
   Address = {Stuttgart},
   Pages = {215-245},
 Year = {1983} }



@Article{
   Author = {Krishnakumar, Narayanan and Sheth, Amit},
   Title = {Managing Heterogeneous Multi-system Tasks to Support Enterprise-Wide Operations},
   Journal = {Distributed and Parallel Databases},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {155-186},
 Year = {1995} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Kueng, P.},
   Title = {Wirkungen von Workflow-Systemen: eine empirische Studie},
   BookTitle = {EMISA-Fachgruppentreffen},
   Editor = {Paul, Hansjürgen and Maucher, Irene},
   Address= {Gelsenkirchen},
   Pages = {13-24},
 Year = {1998} }



@Article{
   Author = {Kumar, Akhil and Zhao, J. Leon},
   Title = {Workflow support for electronic commerce applications},
   Journal = {Decision Support Systems},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {265-278},
 Year = {2002} }



@Article{
   Author = {Leymann, Frank and Altenhuber, Wolfgang},
   Title = {Managing business processes as an information resource},
   Journal = {IBM Systems Journal},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {326-348},
 Year = {1994} }



@Article{
   Author = {Leymann, Frank and Roller, Dieter},
   Title = {Workflow-based applications},
   Journal = {IBM Systems Journal},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {102-123},
 Year = {1997} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Maurer, Gerd},
   Title = {Von der Prozessorientierung zum Workflowmanagement. Teil 1: Prozessorientierung - Grundgedanken, Kernelemente, Kritik},
   Institution = {Universtiy of Mainz},
   Number = {9},
 Year = {1996} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Maurer, Gerd},
   Title = {Von der Prozessorientierung zum Workflowmanagment. Teil 2: Prozeßmanagement, Workflowmanagement, Workflow-Management-Systeme},
   Institution = {Universtiy of Mainz},
   Number = {10},
 Year = {1996} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Medina-Mora, Raul and Winograd, Terry and Flores, R. and Flores, Fernando},
   Title = {The Action Workflow Approach to Workflow Management Technology},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1992 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '92)},
   Address= {New York (NY)},
   Publisher = {ACM},
   Pages = {281-288},
 Year = {1992} }



@Article{
   Author = {Mentzas, Gregory and Halaris, Christos and Kavadias, Stylianos},
   Title = {Modeling business processes with workflow systems: an evaluation of alternative approaches},
   Journal = {International Journal of Information Management},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {123-135},
 Year = {2001} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Mohan, Charles},
   Title = {Recent Trends in Workflow Management
Products, Standards and Research},
   BookTitle = {Proc. NATO Advanced Institute (ASI) Workshop on Workflow Management Systems and Interoperability},
 Year = {1997} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Nastansky, L. and Hilpert, W. and Ott, M. and Riempp, G.},
   Title = {Die Produktivität von Groupware-basierten Anwendungen: Geschäftsrozessorientierte Modellierung und Workflowmanagement},
   Institution = {University of Paderborn},
   Number = {LN 10.95 VS-1.3a},
 Year = {1995} }



@Techreport{
   Author = {Ness, D.},
   Title = {Office Automation Project},
   Institution = {Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania},
   Type = {Decision Sciences Working Papers},
 Year = {1976-1978} }



@Incollection{
   Author = {Nierstraß, O. M. and Tsichritzis, Dennis C.},
   Title = {Integrated Office Systems},
   BookTitle = {Object-oriented Concepts, Databases, and Applications},
   Editor = {Kim, W. and Lochowsky, F. H.},
   Publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
   Address = {Reading (MA)},
   Pages = {199-215},
 Year = {1989} }



@Book{
   Author = {Nordsieck, Fritz},
   Title = {Betriebsorganisation. Lehre und Technik (Textband)},
   Publisher = {C. E. Poeschel Verlag},
   Address = {Stuttgart},
   Edition = {2nd enhanced edition},
 Year = {1972} }



@Article{
   Author = {Nutt, Gary J.},
   Title = {The evolution toward flexible workflow systems},
   Journal = {Distributed Systems Engineering},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {276-294},
 Year = {1996} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Nutt, Gary J. and Ellis, Clarence A.},
   Title = {Backtalk: an office environment simulator},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1979 International Conference on Communications},
   Pages = {22.3.1-22.3.5},
 Year = {1979} }



@Incollection{
   Author = {Picot, A.},
   Title = {Zur Steuerung der Verwaltung in Unternehmen - Notwendigkeit, Probleme, Ansätze},
   BookTitle = {Neue Systeme der Bürotechnik},
   Editor = {Reichwald, R.},
   Publisher = {Schmidt},
   Address = {Berlin},
   Pages = {365-395},
 Year = {1982} }



@Article{
   Author = {Reichert, Manfred and Dadam, Peter},
   Title = {ADEPT flex Supporting Dynamic Changes of Workflows Without Loosing Control},
   Journal = {Journal of Intelligent Information Systems},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {93-129},
 Year = {1998} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Robinson, William N.},
   Title = {Goal-Oriented Workflow Analysis and Infrastructure},
   BookTitle = {NSF Workshop on Workflow & Process Automation},
   Address= {Athen},
 Year = {1996} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Shan, Ming-Chien  and Davis, Jim and Du, Weimin  and Huang, Ying},
   Title = {HP Workflow Research: Past, Present, and Future},
   BookTitle = {North Atlantic Treaty Organization –Advanced Study
Institute Workshop},
   Address= {Istanbul},
 Year = {1997} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Sheth, Amit},
   Title = {From Contemporary Workflow Process Automation to Adaptive and Dynamic Work Activity Coordination and Collaboration},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings WFSE},
 Year = {1997} }



@Article{
   Author = {Sheth, Amit and Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios and Joosten, Stef M.M. and Rusinkiewicz, Marek and Scacchi, Walt and Wileden, Jack and Wolf, Alexander},
   Title = {Report from the NSF Workshop on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems},
   Journal = {SIGMOD Record},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {55-67},
 Year = {1996} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Sheth, Amit  and Kochut, Krys J.},
   Title = {Workflow Applications to Research Agenda:
Scalable and Dynamic Work Coordination and
Collaboration Systems},
   BookTitle = {Advances in Workflow Management Systems and Interoperability},
   Address= {Istanbul},
 Year = {1997} }



@Article{
   Author = {Suchman, Lucy A.},
   Title = {Office Procedures as Practical Action: Models of Work and System Design},
   Journal = {ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems},
   Volume = {1},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {320-328},
 Year = {1983} }



@Book{
   Author = {Suchman, Lucy A.},
   Title = {Plans and Situated Actions. The problem of human machine communication},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
   Address = {Cambridge (MA)},
 Year = {1987} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Sutherland, Jeff  and Alpert, Steve},
   Title = {“Big Workflow” for Enterprise Applications},
   BookTitle = {OOPSLA '99 Workshop},
   Address= {Denver},
   Publisher = {Patel, D.
Sutherland, J. 
Miller, J.},
 Year = {1999} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith D.},
   Title = {Visual Support for Reengineering Work Processes},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Organizational Computing Systems (COOCS '93)},
   Editor = {Kaplan, Simon M.},
   Address= {Milpitas, CA},
   Publisher = {ACM},
   Pages = {130-141},
 Year = {1993} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith D.},
   Title = {The difference between workflow and BPR},
   BookTitle = {Tutorial at the Workflow '95 Conference},
   Address= {Boston, MA},
 Year = {1995} }



@Inproceedings{
   Author = {Swenson, Keith D. and Irwin, Kent},
   Title = {Workflow Technology: Tradeoffs for Business Process Reengineering},
   BookTitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Organizational Computing Systems (COOCS '95)},
   Address= {Milpitas, CA},
   Publisher = {ACM},
   Pages = {22-29},
 Year = {1995} }



@Article{
   Author = {Tsichritzis, Dennis C.},
   Title = {Form management},
   Journal = {Communications of the ACM},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {453-478},
 Year = {1982} }



@Article{
   Author = {White, R. B.},
   Title = {A prototype for the automated office},
   Journal = {Datamation},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {83-90},
 Year = {1977} }



@Phdthesis{
   Author = {Zisman, Michael},
   Title = {Representation, Specification, and Automation of Office Procedures},
   School = {University of Pennsylvania},
   Type = {PhD Thesis},
 Year = {1977} }



@Article{
   Author = {Zisman, Michael},
   Title = {Office Automation: Revolution of Evolution},
   Journal = {Sloan Management Review},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {1-16},
 Year = {1978} }



@Inproceedings{
ZurMuehlen:1999:EWM,
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael},
   Title = {Evaluation of Workflow Management Systems Using Meta Models},
   BookTitle = {32nd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 1999)},
   Editor = {Sprague, Ralph, Jr.},
   Address= {Wailea, HI},
   Publisher = {IEEE},
   Abstract = {The analysis of workflow meta models aims at a problem that frequently occurs during the selection of a workflow management system - evaluating the capabilities of a modeling method. In this paper a meta model approach for the evaluation of different workflow management systems is introduced. After a comparison of the meta models of current workflow management systems a procedure model for the evaluation process is specified. An organizational reference model is introduced, which helps users in specifying their requirements for a workflow management system. A comparison of scoring model- and meta model-based evaluation processes concludes this paper.},
 Year = {1999} }



@Article{
ZurMuehlen:2004:OMW,
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael},
   Title = {Organizational Management in Workflow Applications},
   Journal = {Information Technology and Management},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {271-291},
   Abstract = {The automation of business processes requires the specification of process structures as well as the definition of organizational resources involved in these processes. While the modeling of business processes and workflows is well researched, the link between the organizational building blocks and process activities is less well understood, and current developments in the web services choreography area completely neglect the organizational aspect of workflow applications. The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of the organizational aspects of workflow technology in the context of the workflow life cycle, to provide a review of existing work, and to develop guidelines for the design of a workflow-enabled organization, which can be used by both workflow vendors and users.},
 Keywords = {Workflow Management, Organization, Resource, Task Assignment, Role Resolution},
   Year = {2004} }



@Article{
ZurMuehlen:2004:DWS,
   Author = {zur Muehlen, Michael and Nickerson, Jeffrey V. and Swenson, Keith D.},
   Title = {Developing Web Services Choreography Standards - The Case of REST vs. SOAP},
   Journal = {Decision Support Systems},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {2004},
   Abstract = {This paper presents a case study of the development of standards in the area of cross-organizational workflows based on web services. Two opposing types of standards are discussed: those based on SOAP, with tightly coupled designs similar to remote procedure calls, and those based on REST, with loosely coupled designs similar to the navigating web links. The technical and cultural underpinnings of the conflict are clarified, and the interests of stakeholders are analyzed. Decision models are discussed for each group of stakeholders, and network externalities are examined. Finally, implications for both the workflow and the wider Internet communities are presented.},
 Keywords = {Web Services Choreography, Standardization, Workflow, SOAP, REST},
   Year = {2004} }